Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from Spain. Veterinary Parasi-

A survey was undertaken to identify metazoan ectoparasite species on the European flounder, Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758), in 4 different locations off the north-central Portuguese coast. Parasites of 7 different taxa were found: Caligus diaphanus, Caligus sp., and Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Copepoda: Caligidae); Acanthochondria cornuta (Copepoda: Chondracanthidae); Holobomolochus confusus (Copepoda: Bomolochidae); Nerocila orbignyi (Isopoda: Cymothoidae); and praniza larvae (Isopoda: Gnathiidae). Lernaeocera branchialis, a common European flounder parasite in the North and Baltic Seas, was not observed among the surveyed fish. Caligus diaphanus, Caligus sp., and Nerocila orbignyi are new host records. The high prevalence and intensity values recorded for L. pectoralis and A. cornuta suggest that both parasite species are common to the European flounder along the north-central Portuguese coast. In contrast, infection levels with respect to the other parasite taxa were, in most cases, comparatively lower, thereby indicating that they only occur occasionally among flounders in the surveyed area. The European flounder Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) is a catadromous flatfish species that spends much of its life cycle in estuarine and brackish aquatic environments, going to the open sea to spawn in early spring. Its geographic distribution extends along the Atlantic coast, from the White Sea in the north, to northern Africa in the south, including also the Mediterranean and the Black seas (Lucas and Baras, 2001). It is an important species to the Portuguese fisheries, occurring along the entire coast of Portugal (Sobral and Gomes, 1997). Several metazoan ectoparasite species have already been recorded on